A stone lamp post in the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar

In most architecture, there is a quest to ensure that everything matches a central theme. Here, in the Jallianwala Bagh memorial in Amritsar, the structures were built with sandstone, and so even such stuff such as lamp posts are made on the same theme.

Complete view of the memorial inside the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, the center-piece structure in a distinct shape

A complete view of the distinct shaped structure that is the center-piece of the Jallianwala Bagh memorial in Amritsar. It is meant to commemorate the deaths of hundreds of people, and bullet wounds to more than a thousand in 1919, when they were fired upon by soldiers under the command of General Dyer, when they were protesting for Indian independence.

The bottom of the structure inside the Jallianwala Bagh memorial in Amritsar

The previous photo had the huge sandstone structure inside the Jallianwala Bagh memorial in Amritsar (Punjab), this photo has the bottom part of the structure, including the polished surface at foot level. We did not try walking over there.

View of the center monument in the Jallianwala Bagh memorial in Amritsar

A view of the large sandstone memorial in the middle (actually, not the exact middle, near the end) of the Jallianwala Bagh memorial in Amritsar, meant in memory of the hundreds of people who were killed, and more than a thousand injured during the firing on them, when they were protesting for Indian independence in 1919.

More bullet marks on one of the walls in the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar

Another photo of one of the walls inside the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, with bullet marks inside the structure. A sign of the firing that happened inside the place in 1919, when troops under the British army officer, General Dyer, fired on unarmed protesters demonstrating for Indian independence.

Signs at the start of the Jallianwala Bagh complex, meant to convey the history of the place

These are the signs soon after you enter into the Jallianwala Bagh complex in Amritsar (right next to the Golden Temple), meant to explain what the memorial was built for (it was built in memory of the hundreds killed and thousands injured after troops led by the British officer General Dyer, ordered his men to fire at an unarmed congregation who were there in support of Indian independence).

The remains of a small structure in the middle of the Jallianwala Bagh complex, with bullet marks

Yet another structure inside the Jallianwala Bagh complex, where there are a number of bullet marks on the wall, reminders of the massacre carried out in 1919 by soldiers commanded by the British army officer, General Dyer. The congregation inside the location were protesting for Indian independence, and were unarmed.

The sign at the wall with bullet marks in the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, in a tribute to the massacre

This was a sign next to the wall where there are a number of bullet marks at the rear end of the Jallianwala Bagh. The actual wall is slightly cordoned off so that people cannot directly touch the bullet marks. It is a poignant reminder of the horrors faced by the people clamoring for Indian independence.

People walking out in a sombre mood after visiting the Jallianwala Bagh memorial in Amritsar

The Jallianwala Bagh memorial in Amritsar (just next to the Golden Temple). This is a memorial dedicated to the massacre of hundreds of unarmed protesters (in the struggle for Indian independence) by soldiers under the command of the British commander, General Dyer in 1919. As you can see people going out, they have a sombre look.

People passing through the small passage that leads to the Jallianwala Bagh memorial in Amritsar

People walking through the small passage that leads to the Jallianwala Bagh memorial. This was the small passage through which the soldiers who fired on the demonstrators had come in, and it was the small size of the passage that prevented heavy vehicles from entering the place of protest.

Bullet marks on the rear wall of the Jallianwala Bagh memorial at Amritsar

These are the framed bullet marks on the rear brick wall of the Jallianwala Bagh memorial in Amritsar. These are marks made by the firing of soldiers in 1919, under the command of General Dyer, on unarmed protesters chanting for Indian independence. This was one of the worst massacres of the Indian independence struggle, with several hundred people dead, and more than a thousand injured.

Bullets in the wall in Jallianwala Bagh - signs of the massive firing that went on in 1919

Signs in the wall at the back of the Jallianwala Bagh complex marked with white and preserved. These are the signs of the impact of bullets with the wall (and this was at a fair distance from the spot where the soldiers were firing from). These are a reminder of the ferocity with the protesters were fired upon in 1919, when they were leading an unarmed protest for Indian independence.

Window in the martyrs well inside Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar

A window in the structure enclosing the Martyr's well inside the Jallianwala Bagh memorial in Amritsar. This was the well into which a number of people had jumped to avoid the firing ordered by General Dyer on unarmed protesters in 1919, when they were having a protest for Indian independence.

View of the Martyr well inside the Jallianwala Bagh where a number of people jumped to their death in 1919 while being fired upon

Inside the Jallianwala Bagh memorial in Amritsar (right next to the Golden Temple), there is this well. In the actual massacre in the place in 1919, where General Dyer ordered firing on protesters wanting Indian independences, a number of them dived in the well in order to try and escape the firing, and a large number of them died in this well.

View of the garden inside Jallianwala Bagh with the main memorial structure in Amritsar

A view of the main memorial inside the Jallianwala Bagh complex inside the Golden Temple. The memorial is at the center of the complex, a spot where hundreds of unarmed protesters were killed and more than a thousand injured in a demonstration in 1919.

Large aerial roots of trees inside the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar

There are many trees that drop root systems from their branches, with these roots eventually reaching the ground and getting established, providing more support (in some cases, these root systems cover huge areas). Here is one such example inside the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, the scene of a lot of bloodshed.

Paths inside the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, where the British fired on unarmed protesters in 1919, killing hundreds

People walking on the path inside the Jallianwala Bagh memorial in Amritsar, build to commemorate the location where soldiers of the British Indian army, under the control of General Dyer, fired on unarmed protesters, killing hundreds (official toll of 359) and injuring more than a thousand.

Close up of the Gurmukhi script on the stone in the Jallianwala Bagh Garden in Amritsar from where soldiers fired

Inscription written in Punjabi (Gurmukhi script) on the stone, meant to commemorate the point from where soldiers under the command of the British officer, General Dyer, fired on unarmed protesters, killing hundreds, and injuring more than a thousand in the year 1919.

The stone mark in Jallianwala Bagh, marking the spot from where soldiers fired on protesters in 1919

This is the spot in Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, from where soldiers fired on unarmed protesters in 1919; the forces were under the command of General Dyer, and fired on the protesters who were chanting Indian independence, and who were protesting at the current state of repression in Punjab of that time.

Urn with the memorial flame at the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, garden in the background

The urn with the forever flame to commemorate the massacre of unarmed protesters at the Jallianwala Bagh. This was the infamous event of 1919, where unarmed protesters for Indian independence were fired at by the forces under the command of General Dyer, in which hundreds died (official records were of 379 people dead) and more than a thousand injured.

The ceremonial flame at the Jallianwala Bagh at Amritsar with people in the background

The Jallianwala Bagh is a garden complex next to the Golden Temple in Amritsar, and is infamous since this was the scene of a huge massacre in British Indian in 1919, where a force under the command of Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer opened force on unarmed protesters, killing many hundred and injuring more than a thousand.

Selling roasted corn to tourists close to the Wagah border between India and Pakistan

Near the spot in the Wagah Border between India and Pakistan where vehicles are parked, there are a lot of vendors selling stuff to tourists, including a lot of stuff to eat. One of these is this person selling roaster corn, being roasted over coal, and with lemon and salt. Very tasty.

Barbed wire on either side of the way to the Wagah border between India and Pakistan

Green lush fields on both sides of the path leading to the Wagah border (from the point where the vehicles are parked) between India and Pakistan; however, the access to these fields is severely restricted since they are so close to the border; and there is barbed wire protection to prevent tourists from wandering into these fields.

People walking away from the border for the flag lowering ceremony at the Wagah Border between India and Pakistan

A view of people walking away from the Wagah border between India and Pakistan, on the Indian side. In the distance, you can see the stands, and there is a fair amount of distance between the actual border and the place where vehicles can be parked, takes around 10-15 minutes to walk, or you can take a rickshaw.

View though the middle of the stands building at the Wagah border between India and Pakistan, and a view of the Pakistani side

This is a straight view of the path through the stands (meant to house the crowds) at the Wagah Border between India and Pakistan. This is a view of the Indian side, and you can see people emerging from the flag lowering ceremony between the security forces of the 2 countries. The view between the stands also leads directly towards the gate at the border, and to Pakistan.

The sign just past the border at Wagah welcoming people to the Indian side of the border

Just a small distance from the India Pakistan border at Wagah, on the Indian side, there is this sign welcoming people to India. It is more contextual for people from Pakistan, but is visible to all the people who have to watch the Beating the Retreat ceremony at the Wagah border.

View of the stadium like structures meant to house the people come to watch the ceremonial border flag lowering at Wagah

At the Wagah border between India and Pakistan, since the Beating the Retreat ceremony is so popular with tourists, the Governments on both sides have build large stands where people can sit and watch the ceremony from an elevated position. This is a view of the structures, and the road passing between them.

Border Security Force personnel preventing people from getting too close to the gates at the Wagah Border between India and Pakistan

When the flag lowering ceremony at the Wagah border between India and Pakistan concludes, you have people also trying to approach the border gate between India and Pakistan, and since that could cause problems in terms of diplomacy, the BSF jawans prevent these people from getting too close to the border.

People all over the area after the end of the flag lowering ceremony at the Wagah border between India and Pakistan at sunset

After the conclusion of the flag lowering ceremony at the Wagah Border between India and Pakistan, you could see people leaving the area and heading towards home. One would think that they would all move towards the exit, but the crowd behavior is such that they seem to be moving in all directions.

A last bit of uasage of the microphone at the end of the ceremony at the Wagah Border between India and Pakistan

The Beating the Retreat ceremony at the Wagah border (lowering the flags at the border) between India and Pakistan concludes, and the crowd is dispersing. At the same time, you can see how the master of ceremonies is handling the mike for the last time, directing the crowd to disperse carefully and not go too close to the border.

The crowd dispersing after the flag lowering ceremony at the Wagah Border between India and Pakistan

After the end of the flag lowering ceremony (Beating the Retreat) at the Wagah border between India and Pakistan, the crowd on the Indian side dispersing. There is a huge crowd, especially on weekends, and when the ceremony ends, the dispersing crowd shows how large the crowd actually is.

The BSF Jawans at the Wagah Border - dispersing after the flag lowering ceremony

The BSF jawans dispersing after the flag lowering ceremony at the Wagah border between India and Pakistan (the ceremony is also called the Beating the Retreat). Once the flags have been lowered, the Border Security Force jawans are on their way back to their post.